Operators In C Programming

Operators in C Language....

• C language supports a rich set of built-in operators.
•  An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform certain mathematical or logical manipulations.
•  Operators are used in program to manipulate data and variables.

In C language operators can be classified into following types..

• Relational operators
• arithmetic operators 
• Logical operators
• Bitwise operators
• Assignment operators
• Conditional operators
• Special operators

1. Arithmetic operators...

• C supports all the basic arithmetic operators. The following table shows all the basic arithmetic operators.

              "+"  Adds two operands              "-"     Subtract second operands from first              "*"     Multiply two operand              "/" Divide numerator by denominator              "%" Remainder of division              "++" Increment operator - increases integer value by one              "--"  Decrements operator - decreases integer value by one

2. Relational operators...

            == Check if two operand are equal
            != Check if two operand are not equal.
              > Check if operand on the left is greater than operand on the right
              < Check operand on the left is smaller than right operand
            >= check left operand is greater than or equal to right operand
           <= Check if operand on left is smaller than or equal to right operand

3. Logical operators...

             let  a=1 and b=0,
           Example
              && Logical AND (a && b) is false
              || Logical OR (a || b) is true
               ! Logical NOT (!a) is false

4. Bitwise operators...

• Bitwise operators perform manipulations of data at bit level. 
• These operators also perform shifting of bits from right to left. Bitwise operators are not applied to float or double.

          & Bitwise AND
         | Bitwise OR
        ^ Bitwise exclusive OR
       << left shift
       >> right shift
           Now lets see truth table for bitwise &, | and ^

              a b a & b a | b a ^ b
              0 0 0 0 0
              0 1 0 1 1
              1 0 0 1 1
              1 1 1 1 0

• The bitwise shift operators shifts the bit value. 
• The left operand specifies the value to be shifted and the right operand specifies the number of positions that the bits in the value are to be shifted.
•  Both operands have the same precedence.

            Example :

            a = 0001000
             b= 2
           a << b = 0100000
           a >> b = 0000010

5. Assignment Operators....

              = assigns values from right side operands to left side operand a=b
             += adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left a+=b is same as                         a=a+b
            -= subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand a-                          =b is same as a=a-b
            *= mutiply left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand a*=b                           is same as a=a*b
             /= divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand a/=b is                         same as a=a/b
                        same as a=a%b

6. Conditional operator...

•  The conditional operator in C is called by two more names

•  a.  Ternary Operator

               ? : Operator It is actually the if condition that we use in C language
               but using conditional operator, we turn if condition statement into more simple line of code                  conveying the same thing.

           syntax of a conditional operator is :

              expression 1 ? expression 2: expression 3
               Explanation-

             The question mark "?" in the syntax represents the if part.
              The first expression (expression 1) is use to check true or false condition only.
                If that condition (expression 1) is true then the expression on the left side of " : " i.e                           expression 2 is executed.
              If that condition (expression 1) is false then the expression on the right side of " : " i.e                           expression 3 is executed.

6. Special operator...

                 sizeof Returns the size of an variable sizeof(x) return size of the variable x
                & Returns the address of an variable &x ; return address of the variable x
                * Pointer to a variable *x ; will be pointer to a variable x